Subjective norms for 112 emojis in 13 affective dimensions that refer to discrete emotions: anger, disgust, fear, sadness, anxiety, happiness, awe, contentment, amusement, excitement, serenity, relief, and pleasure. This data was collected from 763 Spanish speakers. This is the first normative emoji study to provide data on a large number of positive emotions. Given that most emojis are used to communicate positive emotions, these norms will be of particular value to researchers interested in these graphic icons from a variety of academic fields.

Subjective iconicity ratings for 10,995 visually presented Spanish words from 1350 participants who were asked to repeat each of the words aloud before rating them. The normative data provided in this database might prove useful in expanding the body of knowledge on issues such as the processing of the iconic properties of words and the role of word-form associations in the acquisition of vocabularies.

Subjective norms for 1031 emojis in six dimensions: visual complexity, familiarity, frequency of use, clarity, emotional valence, and emotional arousal. This data was collected from 1124 native Spanish speakers. Unlike the few existing normative studies, which mainly comprise face emojis, here we present a wide range of emoji categories. Emoji-SP will be highly valuable for researchers of various fields interested in emojis, including computer science, communication, linguistics, and psychology.

Psycholinguistic and affective norms for 1,252 Spanish idiomatic expressions. A total of 965 Spanish native speakers rated the idioms in 7 subjective variables: familiarity, knowledge of the expression, decomposability, literality, predictability, valence and arousal. This database will provide researchers with a large pool of stimuli for studying the representation and processing of idioms in healthy and clinical populations.

Semantic ambiguity norms for 530 Spanish words. Two subjective measures of semantic ambiguity and two subjective measures of relatedness of ambiguous word meanings were collected. In addition, two objective measures of semantic ambiguity were included. Furthermore, subjective ratings were obtained for some relevant lexicosemantic variables, such as concreteness, familiarity, emotional valence, arousal, and age of acquisition. This database will be helpful for researchers interested in exploring semantic ambiguity as well as for those using semantic ambiguous words to study language processing in clinical populations.

With the increasing refinement of language processing models and the new discoveries about which variables can modulate these processes, stimuli selection for experiments with a factorial design is becoming a tough task. Selecting sets of words that differ in one variable, while matching these same words into dozens of other confounding variables is time consuming and error prone. To assist experimenters in this thankless task, we present a simple method to perform it with little effort. The method is based on Kmeans clustering as a way to detect small and tight clusters of words that match in the desired variables. We have formalized the procedure into an algorithmic format, that is, a series of easy-to-follow steps. In addition, we also provide an SPSS syntax that helps in choosing the correct size of the clustering. After reviewing the theory, we present a worked example that will guide the reader through the complete procedure. The dataset of the worked example is available as a supplementary material to this paper.

Performance data of 96 Spanish university students in two personality questionnaires and two theory of mind (ToM) tasks. Personality dimensions were evaluated through the OPERAS questionnaire (Vigil-Colet et al., 2013), which evaluates global personality through 5 scales: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, and the ESQUIZO-Q questionnaire (Fonseca-Pedrero et al., 2010), which assesses schizotypy by means of 10 subscales: ideas of reference, magical thinking, unusual perceptual experiences, odd thinking and language, paranoid ideation, physical anhedonia, social anhedonia, odd behavior, lack of close friends, and excessive social anxiety. The ability to attribute/infer mental states, i.e. ToM, was measured through two computerized tasks: the revised Reading the Mind in the Eyes (Baron-Cohen et al., 1997, 2001), and the Director's task (Keysar et al., 2000, 2003; Dumontheil et al., 2010).

EmoFinder is a Web-based search engine for Spanish word properties taken from different normative databases. The tool incorporates several subjective word properties for 16,375 distinct words. Although it focuses particularly on normative ratings for emotional dimensions (e.g., valence and arousal) and discrete emotional categories (fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and sadness), it also makes available ratings for other word properties that are known to affect word processing (e.g., concreteness, familiarity, contextual availability, and age of acquisition). The tool provides two main functionalities: Users can search for words matched on specific criteria with regard to the selected properties, or users can obtain the properties for a set of words.

Data from a large scale lexical decision task study, involving 7500 Spanish words and 918 Spanish speakers. Words are characterised in many variables that are known to affect word processing: emotional valence, emotional arousal, concreteness, familiarity, age of acquisition, logarithm of frequency, number of letters, number of syllables, number of phonemes, number of lexical neighbours, number of higher-frequency lexical neighbours, average Levenshtein distance of the 20 nearest lexical neighbours (OLD20), number of phonological neighbours, number of higher-frequency phonological neighbours, average bigram frequency, and average trigram frequency. Furthermore, we include data from participants: Big Five personality traits, age, and gender. The dataset includes RT and error data. This dataset can be used by researchers to test their hypotheses about visual word recognition. The file 'data_summary.xlsx' contains the mean RT and error rate for each word.

Data from a large scale lexical decision task study, involving 7500 Spanish words and 918 Spanish speakers. Words are characterised in many variables that are known to affect word processing: emotional valence, emotional arousal, concreteness, familiarity, age of acquisition, logarithm of frequency, number of letters, number of syllables, number of phonemes, number of lexical neighbours, number of higher-frequency lexical neighbours, average Levenshtein distance of the 20 nearest lexical neighbours (OLD20), number of phonological neighbours, number of higher-frequency phonological neighbours, average bigram frequency, and average trigram frequency. It also includes discrete emotion ratings for 5 emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. Furthermore, we include data from participants: Big Five personality traits, age, and gender. The dataset includes RT and error data. This dataset can be used by researchers to test their hypotheses about visual word recognition.

Subjective ratings of valence, arousal and plausibility for 330 words in their augmentative, diminutive, and base forms. Data was collected from 300 Spanish speakers.

Meaning-dependent affective (valence) ratings for 252 Spanish ambiguous words. Data was collected from 634 Spanish speakers. The main measures of the present norms are number of dictionary entries and senses, number of lexical associates, NOM (number of meanings), ROM (relatedness of meanings), valence of words presented in isolation, and valence of each meaning. Secondary measures derived from the principal ones are emotionality, a dominance-subordination index (DSI), and an index of the relative emotionality of meanings (IREM). This database can be useful both for basic research (e.g., relationship between emotion and language and ambiguity processing) and for applied research (e.g., cognitive and emotional biases in emotional disorders and second language learning).

Objective age of acquisition of 201 Spanish words that relate to emotions without explicitly referring to affective states (emotion-laden words, e.g., cake, tomb, rainbow) using a picture naming task. Three hundred and sixty participants belonging to 18 age groups from preschool to adolescence overtly named line drawings corresponding to positive, negative, and neutral concrete nouns. It might be useful for a broad community of researchers examining emotional language processing in both children and adults. For example, it might be valuable for investigating aspects such as the acquisition of emotional words in second languages or the interaction between lexico-semantic variables and word emotional properties in language comprehension and production studies.